Forex economics definition

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Funds are exchanged on the settlement date , not the transaction date. The U. The euro is the most actively traded counter currency , followed by the Japanese yen, British pound, and Swiss franc. Market moves are driven by a combination of speculation , economic strength and growth, and interest rate differentials. Forex FX Rollover Retail traders don't typically want to take delivery of the currencies they buy. They are only interested in profiting on the difference between their transaction prices.

Because of this, most retail brokers will automatically " roll over " their currency positions at 5 p. EST each day. The broker basically resets the positions and provides either a credit or debit for the interest rate differential between the two currencies in the pairs being held. The trade carries on and the trader doesn't need to deliver or settle the transaction.

When the trade is closed the trader realizes a profit or loss based on the original transaction price and the price at which the trade was closed. The rollover credits or debits could either add to this gain or detract from it. Since the forex market is closed on Saturday and Sunday, the interest rate credit or debit from these days is applied on Wednesday.

Therefore, holding a position at 5 p. Forex Forward Transactions Any forex transaction that settles for a date later than spot is considered a forward. The price is calculated by adjusting the spot rate to account for the difference in interest rates between the two currencies.

The amount of adjustment is called "forward points. They are not a forecast of how the spot market will trade at a date in the future. A forward is a tailor-made contract. It can be for any amount of money and can settle on any date that's not a weekend or holiday. As in a spot transaction, funds are exchanged on the settlement date.

Forex FX Futures A forex or currency futures contract is an agreement between two parties to deliver a set amount of currency at a set date, called the expiry, in the future. Futures contracts are traded on an exchange for set values of currency and with set expiry dates. Unlike a forward, the terms of a futures contract are non-negotiable.

A profit is made on the difference between the prices the contract was bought and sold at. Instead, speculators buy and sell the contracts prior to expiration, realizing their profits or losses on their transactions. How Forex Differs from Other Markets There are some major differences between the way the forex operates and other markets such as the U.

Fewer Rules This means investors aren't held to as strict standards or regulations as those in the stock, futures or options markets. There are no clearinghouses and no central bodies that oversee the entire forex market.

You can short-sell at any time because in forex you aren't ever actually shorting; if you sell one currency you are buying another. Fees and Commissions Since the market is unregulated, fees and commissions vary widely among brokers. Most forex brokers make money by marking up the spread on currency pairs.

Others make money by charging a commission, which fluctuates based on the amount of currency traded. Some brokers use both. Full Access There's no cut-off as to when you can and cannot trade. Because the market is open 24 hours a day, you can trade at any time of day. The exception is weekends, or when no global financial center is open due to a holiday.

Leverage The forex market allows for leverage up to in the U. Leverage is a double-edged sword; it magnifies both profits and losses. Later that day the price has increased to 1. If the price dropped to 1. About the Rollover Currency prices move constantly, so the trader may decide to hold the position overnight. The broker will rollover the position, resulting in a credit or debit based on the interest rate differential between the Eurozone and the U.

Therefore, at rollover, the trader should receive a small credit. Rollover can affect a trading decision, especially if the trade could be held for the long term. Large differences in interest rates can result in significant credits or debits each day, which can greatly enhance or erode profits or increase or reduce losses of the trade.

Most brokers provide leverage. Many U. Let's assume our trader uses leverage on this transaction. That shows the power of leverage. Key Takeaways The forex is a global marketplace for exchanging national currencies. Foreign exchange venues comprise the largest securities market in the world by nominal value, with trillions of dollars changing hands each day. Foreign exchange trading uses currency pairs, priced in terms of one versus the other.

Forwards and futures are another way to participate in the forex market. If a traveler exchanges dollars for euros at an exchange kiosk or a bank, the number of euros will be based on the current forex rate. If imported French cheese suddenly costs more at the grocery, it may well mean that euros have increased in value against the U.

Forex traders seek to profit from the continual fluctuations of currency values. For example, a trader may anticipate that the British pound will strengthen in value. The trader will exchange U. If the pound then strengthens, the trader can do the transaction in reverse, getting more dollars for the pounds. These represent the U. There will also be a price associated with each pair, such as 1. If the price increases to 1. In the forex market, currencies trade in lots , called micro, mini, and standard lots.

A micro lot is 1, worth of a given currency, a mini lot is 10,, and a standard lot is , Trades take place in set blocks of currency. For example, a trader can exchange seven micro lots 7, , three mini lots 30, , or 75 standard lots 7,, Trading volume in the forex market is generally very large. Historically, foreign exchange market participation was for governments, large companies, and hedge funds. In today's world, trading currencies is as easy as a click of a mouse and accessibility is not an issue.

Many investment companies allow individuals to open accounts and trade currencies through their platforms. This is not like a trip to a foreign exchange kiosk. The process is entirely electronic with no physical exchange of money from one hand to another. Rather, traders are taking a position in a specific currency in the hope that there will be some upward movement and strength in the currency that they're buying or weakness if they're selling so that they can make a profit.

Forex Market vs. Other Markets There are some fundamental differences between foreign exchange and other markets. First of all, there are fewer rules, which means investors aren't held to strict standards or regulations like those in the stock, futures, and options markets.

There are no clearing houses and no central bodies that oversee the forex market. Second, since trades don't take place on a traditional exchange, there are fewer fees or commissions like those on other markets. Next, there's no cutoff as to when you can and cannot trade. Because the market is open 24 hours a day, you can trade at any time. Finally, because it's such a liquid market, you can get in and out whenever you want and you can buy as much currency as you can afford.

Types of Forex Transactions Forex traders transact in one of three distinct marketplaces: the spot, the forward, or the futures market. The spot rate is the current exchange rate. A transaction in the spot market is an agreement to trade one currency for another currency at the prevailing spot rate. Spot transactions for most currencies are finalized in two business days.

The major exception is the U. The price is established on the trade date, but money is exchanged on the value date. Role of the U. Dollar The U. Trading pairs that do not include the dollar are referred to as crosses. The most common crosses are the euro versus the pound and the euro versus the yen.

The spot market can be very volatile.

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